Why You Should Not Smoke Essays - Smoking, Tobacco, Habits, Smoke

Why You Should Not Smoke I am sure that you know that smoking harms your body. Then why do you continue smoking? Maybe you do it because you haven?t really become conscious about all the effects that smoking has. There are a lot of reasons why you shouldn?t smoke. Some of them are that smoking affects your health, that you spend a lot of money on cigarettes, and that when you smoke you are not respecting people around you. The first reason why you shouldn?t smoke is that smoking affects your health. If you smoke, your physical condition will be negatively affected, so it will be very difficult for you to succeed in sports. Also, smoking produces lethal diseases like cancer and reduces the length and quality of your life. Maybe you don?t notice all the physical effects of smoking immediately, but you surely will be sorry one day. The second reason why you shouldn?t smoke is because of all the money that you spend on it. Maybe you start smoking only when someone offers you a cigarette, but there will be a day when you will feel the need of a cigarette. By this time, you will pay whatever to smoke, and each time you will smoke more, so you will spend more money. All the money you would spend on cigars could have be spent in something better, don?t you think? The last reason why you shouldn?t smoke is out of respect for the people around you. When you smoke, you not only harm yourself, but you also harm all the people around you. So you mustn?t be selfish; you should at least avoid smoking in front of people who don?t smoke. Also, many people don?t like the cigarette?s smell, so they won?t enjoy your company. Would you like that? I have said just some reasons of why you shouldn?t smoke, so I hope that now those of you who smoke are able to think a little and try to make a smart decision. In addition to all the reasons I?ve said, I would like you to think about how much you love yourself and then whether you want to continue harming yourself. Think also about all the people who love you, like your family who doesn?t want to see you suffering or sick. If you decide to continue smoking, what a pity. But if you decide to stop smoking, congratulations! Remember that ?If you can dream it, you can do it.?

Media in Society and Culture Essay Example

Media in Society and Culture Essay Example Media in Society and Culture Essay Media in Society and Culture Essay What is the role and influence of the media in modern society? How does it contribute to, create, direct or represent that societys culture? Consideration of the role, influence and development of the Media in Society and Culture involves addressing fundamental questions about Culture and Society themselves. The insight of various thinkers into the social and cultural role of the media has been underwritten by presuppositions which are, in turn, informed by points of view on what constitutes society and culture. How do we conceive of a society? Is it an organic whole, more than the sum of its individual members? Do we see society in terms of a number of social groups, organized in terms of class, economic activity, access to and control of forms of power, knowledge and beliefs? How also do we conceive of the concept of Culture? As a set of rituals, practices, beliefs and values which are shared by a whole society? As the expression of the interests and values of particular social groups? Or as a combination of all the individual practices, beliefs and forms of behaviour? Amongst wentieth century sociologists, anthropologists and cultural critics the discussion of the Media has been underwritten by the attempt to answer these questions, principally because of the nature and scope of the mass media itself, its influence as a powerful force for maintaining social cohesion, for constructing or reproducing social consciousness, as a mediator of values and beliefs, and as the major sources of information and means of information control within modern societies. Approaches to the role of the media within twentieth century society have been ominated by one principal approach, the Mass Society approach. Drawing from the 19th century tradition of social and cultural criticism, which includes such figures as J. S. Mill, de Tocqueville, Matthew Arnold and Nietzsche, this tradition views modern society in terms of an abstract, often unspecified definition of society as a whole, within which modern society is viewed as a mass society, divided between elites (economic, cultural, political, intellectual), and the remainder of the mass society. In part this approach can be seen as a response to the perceived decline in ocial standards, moral values and cultural integrity that come about with a mass society. In terms of the Media this tradition of cultural and social analysis has been predominantly pessimistic in tone, viewing the media as a major agent of standardization, alienation and cause of widespread cultural uniformity. Key twentieth century figures within this tradition have included F. R. Leavis and T. S. Eliot, who perceive the Media as a major threat to an established and elite cultural heritage, Civilisation, and purveyors of forms of massiflcation and inferior cultural nd standardization. In America also the tradition has been extremely influential, with Mass Communications research being deployed in order to show how the media was responsible for creating a new society of conformity, alienation, standardization, and declining intellectual and cultural standards, a civilization of game-snows ana soap operas. I ne empnasls wnlcn cnaracterlzes tnls approacn to the media is predominantly moral and psychological, critical and humanist, dependent on a humanist and Universalist perspective. For this tradition the key uestions, as regards the media, are: does the Media lead to the degeneration or the development of culture? Does it promote standards of cultural and intellectual conformity? In what ways can the individual resist the forces which promote psychic alienation, moral mediocrity, and suburban uniformity? Studies such as The Lonely Crowd and The Hidden Persuaders advanced this predominantly critical view of the media within society. The issue of the role of the social role of the media is inextricably connected with issues of Culture, because the media is a major contributor to the cultural forms ithin society. However, this immediately poses the question, what do we mean by culture? Arguments about what Culture is, if it can be defined as any one thing, have been central to the discussion of the role and influence of the media in society. The media are certainly the most influential mediators, representers and purveyors of values, beliefs and social practices within society. They produce our collective identity; they reflect or reproduce our sense of collective national identity, speaking for society as a whole. An alternative viewpoint is to see the media as speaking for only dominant social groups and cultural values. A composite view is the cultural pluralist view, that the media has the task of reflecting or representing the contrasting cultural perspectives and cultures within a society, such as those of ethnic minorities and religious faiths. Arguments about the role of Channel Four are very relevant here. The argument about the cultural role of the media has been dominated by the argument that it is the media which produces popular culture, for a mass udience, as distinct from serious culture for a discriminating audience. The whole area of Popular or Mass Culture is extremely contentious, for the terms are often taken to signify low-brow cultural products, designed for an undemanding and indiscriminating mass audience, who uncritically watch or read for the purposes of escapism, titillation, and confirmation of personal prejudices and wishfulfilment. Certain critics take the argument further, identifying mass culture with working class culture, possible with the accompanying lament that a more uthentic, valuable and various working class folk culture has been lost, to be replaced by a culture of quiz shows and soaps. The advent of new forms of broadcasting, especially cable and satellite television, as with videos, has raised similar issues of cultural mediocrity and pandering to the masses. However, does Popular or Mass culture necessarily implies a decline in cultural standards? Note the medias role in popularizing or introducing High culture to a Mass Audience. Following on from this is the vexed issue of whether or not the media audience is imply passive, uncritically consuming the versions, values and beliefs which the media present as the audiences own? Or is the audience to be regarded, rather, as discriminating, critical, and actively involved in negotiating, retrieving or rejecting the meanings ana values proaucea Dy tne meala? s tne meala alrect, renect or create popular taste and values? Does the media give us the culture we want or the culture we deserve? In constructing answers to these questions we are also constructing answers to wider questions about ideology, social consciousness, and our own beliefs and values.

The Bill of Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Bill of Rights - Essay Example James Madison is acknowledged as the chief Bill of Rights author (Revolutionary War and Beyond, 1). This document protects Americans' rights as discussed below I. Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion and Petition The Congress shall not make any law with regard to the founding of religion, or barring the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of the press or of speech; or people’s right to assemble peaceably, and to implore the Government to even out their grievances (Mintz, 295). II. Right to bear and keep arms A well-regulated armed force, being crucial to the safety of a Free State, people’s right to bear and keep arms shall not be interfered with (Yale Law School, 1-10). III. Conditions for quarters of soldiers In time of peace, no soldier shall be housed in any house, without the owner’s consent the, nor during war, but in a way that the law prescribes (Yale Law School, 3). IV. Regulation of the right of search and seizure The Bill of Rights forbids th e violation of the right of the people to be safe in their houses, persons, effects, and papers against irrational seizures and searches. Moreover, no warrants shall come forth, except upon plausible grounds, backed by affirmation or oath, and predominantly giving a description of the place that need searching, and the things or people to be taken into custody (Yale Law School, 4). V. Provisions relating to prosecution According to the Bill of Rights, but for on a Grand Jury’s indictment or presentment, no individual shall be seized to answer for a capital/federal crime, or else an infamous crime, with the exception of in cases cropping up in the militia, or in naval or land forces, while in actual service in the event of public danger or war. It also states that unless the judges fail to come to a ruling, an individual cannot go through trial for one offense two times; and that the court cannot compel anyone to testify against himself/herself or deprive him/her of life, prop erty or liberty, without due law process. Moreover, the government should not take the property of an individual for public use without fair compensation (Mintz, 295). VI. Right to a fair trial In all criminal prosecutions, the Bill of Rights guarantees the right to a public and speedy trial of the accused by unbiased judges in the jurisdiction wherein the alleged crime took place. Moreover, the Bill gives the accused the right to be informed of the cause and nature of the charges against them, in addition to guaranteeing him/her the right to employ the services of a lawyer in his/her defense as well as the right to cross-examine witnesses (Mintz, 295). VII. Right to a trial by jury In lawsuits at common law, the Bill grants the accused the right to a trial by jury and also guarantees that facts that those juries decide cannot be later examined again in any US court (Yale Law School, 4). VIII. Bails, fines and punishment The Bill of rights prohibits excessive fines, excessive bail, and the inflicting of unusual and cruel punishments (Mintz, 295). IX. Rule of construction of Constitution The bill stipulates that the listing of certain rights in the Constitution shall not be taken to mean the denial or disparaging of other rights that the people retain (Yale Law School, 4). X. Rights of the States and the people under Constitution The Bill indicates that the states as well as the people retain powers that the Constitution has not delegated to the US and the federal government

Needs and Critical Aspects of Small and Medium Enterprises Essay

Needs and Critical Aspects of Small and Medium Enterprises - Essay Example On the other hand, marketing is also a key element. Although it is easy to market an innovative idea, it doesn't usually happen. Many novel ideas are only found practicable when someone faces problem years later, only to find that the solution had been there years ago. Other inputs that are crucial is the entrepreneur's ability to take measured risks, how adaptable he is, ability to identify a need in the market as well as find a niche or a universal selling proposition in order to make this product appealing to the consumer in the marketplace. We as humanity have come a long way, progressed from the stone ages into the new millennia via information superhighway. But time doesn't end here and nor will the need of mankind to prosper, thrive and flourish! Discuss the relationships among entrepreneurship, innovation, and marketing in the SME new venture context. It is important to use both academic theory and research to support your arguments. You should include up-to-date research from journals; however, you must not just quote the research, as you are expected at a university to show that you can also analyze and comment on the implications of the research. Include in your assignment good examples from business (and personal experience if possible) of this relationship, remembering to give examples of notable successes as well as failures, and the lessons that can be learned from them both academically and entrepreneurially. Since ages, man has always wanted to engage in new endeavors and look for innovative ways to prosper. This is how; he usually tries to maximize profit by investing his intellectual capital. This urge has always brought novel accomplishments for themselves as well as their countries. However, this has not always been a successful activity. And this is the point that brings us to our discussion regarding 'Relationship among entrepreneurship, innovation, and marketing in SME new venture context.' SMEs are an essential driving force that keeps economies operating; they play a crucial role in the generation of employment. However, in order to secure such a position a minimum level of innovativeness within these companies needs to be maintained. A research on factors for winning innovations can give a much efficient strategy from these organizations as well as the public sector in developing motivating surroundings. Since the fall of Rome to the eighteenth century, there was 'no' escalation in per capita wealth creation in the west. However, with the start of entrepreneurship, per capita, wealth generation and earnings in the West rose interestingly by 20 percent in the 1700s and kept on increasing to 740 percent in the1900s (Drayton, 2004). This was some exemplary growth. All through this time, entrepreneurial thinking has evolved by random twist and turns and reflective developments offering new conceptualizations of what it means for something to be entrepreneurial. It is now widely accepted by both Academy and in business schools globally that the management field has changed its vision and perspective on entrepreneurship. In past 5 years, the Academy of Management's Entrepreneurship Division has "dramatically outpaced the growth of every other division" by 77 percent (Shaver, 2004).

Marketing Analysis on Facebook Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Marketing Analysis on Facebook - Assignment Example While the social networking sites are predominantly driven by individual actions as people are more or less free to use the platforms as they like. However, in some countries, the political environment is closed and the governments do not want people to interact freely on the social networking sites. There are clashes between the ideals of personal freedom and liberty of speech and local political and legal restrictions. China makes an excellent example for this issue, where the government monitors Internet activity of its citizens and also does not hesitate in hacking the social networking accounts or personal search data. While this is an extreme case, the difference in political ideologies across different countries does impact on the profitability and growth of the online organizations, and especially the online social networking organizations like Facebook. In addition, the cyber security laws and cyber privacy laws are different across different countries which make an organiza tion Facebook vulnerable to legal or social problems. While the Facebook model is basically based on the Western concepts of personal freedom and absolute privacy, different regions of the world do not conform to these ideals. As can be seen from the latest statistics, Facebook’s more than half members are now from countries in Asia and Latin America. However, the problems related to legal and political interference are not restricted to the politically closed countries or countries with non-democratically elected governments. There are several instances where European countries like Germany and France have objected to the use of the personal data by Facebook to target advertisements (Simpson, 2012) to the customers as a violation of their countries laws. While competitors like search engines like Google too face similar political legal issues, the concerns are magnified for social networking sites (Harwood, 2009). This is because, the account holders on the social networking sites are not really looking for buying or selling something as their primary objective (which may be the case with a large number of users on search engines), and keeping in touch with friends and acquaintances is all that they desire. The invasion of privacy in the case of social networking sites is more acutely felt than it is on the search Engines, and hence the political and legal ramifications are more intense (Cashmore, 2010). Economic Environment The business models of online organizations, be it the search engines or the social networking sites, differ from the brick and mortar businesses and this implies that the revenues and growth models in the Internet sector too is different (Cashmore, 2010).The social networking models are largely dependent on their large loyal customer bases to attract advertisers. Another way of remaining competitive is to increase the spend of the individual users. However, the increase in sales or revenues is often offset by the large cost inlays that are needed for the massive scale of operations (Keatin, 2012). The costs are associated largely with capacity building and obtaining more applications to attract more spend per user. So, while the social networking model has the potential to scale up quickly and generate large revenues,

Extraction and Determination of Met and MHA

Extraction and Determination of Met and MHA Determination of Methionine and Methionine Hydroxy Analogue in the Forms of Free or Metal Chelates Contained in Feed Formulations by RP-HPLC M. Salahinejad,* F .Aflaki Abstract: Methionine is often the first or second limiting amino acid in most diets and so is most representative of amino acids fed as nutritional supplements. It commonly supplemented as DL-methionine or as methionine hydroxy analogue. A simple and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and determination of DL-methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue in forms of free or in forms of metal- chelates contained in feed samples is described. The sample extraction procedure was performed using HCl solution and heating in an autoclave or oven, which followed by the addition of EDTA and acetonitrile. Quantification and detection were carried out by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography on a NovaPak C18 column with ultraviolet detection at 214 nm. With a mobile phase consisted of 5% acetonitrile + 1.5% sodiumdihydrogenphosphate in water, the chromatographic run time were 6 min. The detection limit for DL-methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue were 2.33 and 5.46  µg mL− 1 andMAMwith the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was 4.4 and 7.3% (C = 10  µg mL−1, n = 5) respectively. The recoveries of methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue in feed samples were > 97%. Keywords: Methionine hydroxy analogue, DL-methionine, Metal-chelates, Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) Introduction For optimum health and performance, the animals diets must contain adequate quantities of all nutrients needed, including amino acid. The essential amino acid furthest below the level needed to build protein is known as limiting amino acid. The shortage of limiting amino acid will constrain animal growth, reduce feed efficiency and in extreme cases cause a nutritional deficiency [1]. Methionine and lysine considered the most limiting amino acids in most animal diets. Supplementation of methionine may be accomplished by the addition of DL-methionine or the hydroxyl analogue of methionine (DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid) [2]. Fig. 1 represents the structures of DL-methionine (Met) and methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA). Organic forms like metal chelates of transition metal ions in particular Zinc (II), Copper (II) and Manganese (II) with amino acids and peptides are widely used in animal feeding as they appear to induce as faster growth and better resistance to various diseases in comparison with the simple inorganic salts [3]. It has been suggested that these effects are correlated with the improved metal bio-availability. The chelates are absorbed in the small intestine, possibly using transporters for amino acids small peptides [4]. Many forms of metal complexes with amino acid chelates and hydrolyzed proteins are commercially available, as metal amino acid chelates and complexed chelated (metal) proteinates (CCP) respectively [5-7]. The methionine hydroxyl analogue largely used in animal nutrition as a source of methionine, forms stable chelates with divalent metals of formula [{CH3SCH2CH2CHOHCOO}2 M].nH2O [8]. Several methods have been used for DL-methionine determination including ion exchange chromatography in combination with pre or post column derivatization [9] and amino acid analyzer [10]. These methods are not applicable to the determination of methionine hydroxy analogue because it contains ÃŽ ±-hydroxy instead of ÃŽ ±-amino group (Fig.1). Gas chromatography [10] electrophoresis [11] and high performance chromatography [12-14] were used for determination of MHA. (a) (b) Fig.1. Structures of (a) DL-methionine and (b) methionine hydroxy analogue. The use of so-called variant recipes in the production of industrial feeds causes that in practice the analyst encounters a differentiated and unknown composition of the so-called matrix, i.e. the elements of a feed mixture that in many cases made it hard to isolate and at times even make it impossible to mark MHA in the environment of a feed mixture [15]. Moreover the accurate determination of methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue contained in the metallic chelates of feeds depended on complete releasing of methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue from metals. The purpose of the paper was to develop and evaluate the method of simultaneous determination of MHA and Met in forms of free or in forms of chelates in compound feed samples. Material and Methods Apparatus Chromatographic determination were performed on a Waters Liquid Chromatograph which consisted of Waters 1525 Binary HPLC pump, Waters 2487 Dual ÃŽ » absorbance detector, Breeze data processing system and C18 NovaPack column. An adjustable rocker shaker (Cole- Parmer ® 60Hz) and a feed grinder to facilitate sample preparation were used. Reagents and standards The stock standard solution of Met and MHA was prepared weekly using DL- Methionine (extra pure, Merck) and Alimet (commercial name of the hydroxy-analogue of methionine containing 89.7% MHA in 0.1 N HCl respectively. All working solutions were prepared by diluting the stock standards as necessary. Deionized distilled water obtained from a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Milford, USA) was used for standard dilutions and other necessary preparations. All other chemicals such as NaH2PO4, extra pure; acetonitril, isocratic grade; EDTA (disodium salt) 99%, HCl 37%, orthophosphoric acid 85% and sodium hydroxyl, analytical reagent grade, were supplied by Merck. Sample preparation Aliquots of finely ground samples (mean particle size of 600  µm) containing 0.1 gr methionine hydroxy analogues (MHA) or 0.1 gr DL-methionine (Met) in forms of free or in forms of metal-chelates were added in 20 ml of 0.1 N HCl solution and heated in autoclave in steam flow in 120 oC for 5 min or in oven with 90 oC for 20 min. After cooling, by adding 20 ml of EDTA solution (10% W/V) and 5 ml of acetonitrile, the samples were shacked for 10 min and then solutions were filtered using 0.45  µm filter. Volume is filled to 100 ml with distilled water and a proportion of solution injected onto the HPLC column. Fig.2. Chromatogram of the extracted Met and MHA from feed. Chromatographic conditions Separation and quantitation of MHA and Met have been performed with reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The column was NovaPak C18 (150 Ãâ€" 4.6 mm, 5  µm) in ambient temperature. Samples were injected in volumes ranging from 5 to 20  µl using Rehodyne injector. The solvent system for separation of Met and MHA consisted of 5% acetonitrile + 1.5% NaH2PO4 in water. Using this isocratic mobile phase the chromatographic run time was 6 min. After this, a washing step was programmed to 40% acetonitrile in mobile phase so that any residual sample components would be cleaned from the column. The washing step was 5 min and column conditioned by primary mobile phase for 4 min prior the next injection. The flow rate, UV wavelength and detector attenuation used was respectively 1 ml min-1, 214 nm and 0.2 a.u.f.s. The amounts of MHA and Met contained in the samples were determined by interpolating the value of the peak area of calibration curves obtained by inject ing 5, 10, 15, 20 ÃŽ ¼l of mixed standard solution containing 200 mgr L-1 Met and 400 mgr L-1 MHA. The bulk standard was prepared weekly. Fig.2 shows a chromatogram which obtained by injection of the extracted sample solution. Statistical analysis In order to verify differences of effecting factors on extraction efficiency, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied with the level of significance set at 0.05. The SPSS statistical program (SPSS Inc, Illinois, USA) was used to perform all statistical calculations. Results Study of effective factors on extraction efficiency of Met and MHA The effect of various parameters such as temperature, heating time, the presence or absence of hydrochloric acid (variation of pH) and EDTA (as a strong ligand) in the recovery of the Met and MHA in the forms of free or metal-chelates were investigated. Table 1 shows the mean recovery of the Met and MHA in the forms of free or metal-chelates from compounded feed at 90 oC for 20 min in 0.1 N HCl and distilled water. Recovery tests were performed by adding known amounts of different forms of Met and MHA to a compounded feed which its basic elements was: maize, wheat bran, soybean ground grain, fish meal, plant oil, calcium phosphate, mineral vitamin premix. The recovery of free Met and MHA from compounded feed by distilled water was > 96%, while the recovery of Met and MHA from metal-chelate was 95%. Table 1 Mean recovery of the Met and MHA from compounded feed with distilled water and 0.1 N HCl solutions at 90 oC for 20 min. a: n = 4 Different temperatures (25-120 oC) in different period of times (5 min -3 hours) were examined to evaluation of the effects of temperature and heating time in the simultaneous extraction of Met and MHA in both forms. Based on extraction efficiency of the Met and MHA in the forms of free or metal-chelates, three conditions including: Autoclave (T: 120 oC, t: 5 min), Oven (T: 90 oC, t: 20 min) and Room temperature (t: 3 hours) were chosen. The effect of strong ligand such as EDTA on extraction of Met and MHA in forms of metal-chelate was investigated. Table 2 represents the mean recovery of the Met and MHA in forms of metal-chelate in different heating condition (different temperature and time) in the presence or absence of EDTA as a strong ligand. The results illustrated in Table 2 reveal that the extraction of the MHA from MHA metal-chelates in feed was about 94% with heating by autoclave in 120 oC for 5 min or oven at 90 oC for 20 min. By adding the EDTA solution to the samples the recovery of MHA from MHA metal-chelates become > 97%. The recovery of the Met was > 96% even in ambient temperature and ETDA do not show a considerable effect on the Met recovery from the feed. Table 2 Mean recovery of Met and MHA (0.1 N HCl solution) in three different conditions: Autoclave (T: 120 oC, t: 5 min), Oven (T: 90 oC, t: 20 min), Room temperature: (T: 27 oC, t: 3 hours) Analytical performance of the method Quality variables including the limit of detection (LOD) and precision, as the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.), were investigated to evaluate the analytical performance of the proposed method. According to the IUPAC identification [16] the limit of detection (LOD, 3ÃŽ ´) of the proposed method was 2.33 and 5.46  µg mL−1 for Met and MHA respectively. MAMwith The R.S.D. was 4.4 and 7.3% (C = 10  µg mL−1, n = 5) for Met and MHA respectively. Good linear relationships exist for peak area counts versus the amount of Met and MHA (Fig. 3). The regression equation for calibration curves for Met was Y = 209551x + 296453 with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9983 and for MHA was Y = 182603x + 294054with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9995 where Y is the peak area counts and x is the concentration (ppm) of analyte. Table 3 Recovery of Met or MHA from pure metal chelates complex. a: n = 4 Fig.3. Calibration curves for MHA and Met analysis. Method evaluation For evaluation of the described method, the recovery of Met or MHA from pure Met or MHA metal-chelates were determined (Table 3). The results show good agreement between the results of the mentioned method and the value which declared by the producers. The precision was determined by calculating the relative standard deviation of four analyses for each condition. The method also was applied for simultaneous extraction and determination of different forms of Met and MHA from compounded feed. As shown in Table 4, the obtained results prove a good agreement of the mean content of Met or MHA in mixtures with the declaration. Table 4 Simultaneous determination of different forms of Met and MHA from compounded feed. Table 5 Content of Met or MHA in the analyzed industrial feed mixtures (g/Kg). a: n = 4 In order to evaluate the effect of typical sample matrix, numerous industrial feed samples, which their Met or MHA content declared by the producer, originating from Iran, Germany, Italy and France was qualitatively examined. The results (Table 5) show a good agreement between the obtained mean content with the declaration of free or metal-chelate form of Met or MHA in industrial feed mixtures. Basing on the above results, the usefulness of the described method for determination of the Met and MHA in form of free or in forms of metal-chelates in feed mixtures can be stated. Discussion The solubility of DL-methionine in aqueous solutions increases 5-fold (176.0 Vs 33.8 g L-1) when temperature is increased from 25 to 100 oC [17,18]. Different temperatures (25-120 oC) in different period of times (5 min -3 hours) was examined to evaluation of the effects of temperature and heating time in simultaneous extraction of Met and MHA in free or metal-chelate forms. The temperature and the time of extraction have inverse effects on extraction efficiency of both analyts. When temperature increases, the time required for maximum extraction of both analyts decrease and vise versa. By performing analysis of variance (ANOVA) and student t-test between different conditions (different temperature and time) the three conditions: autoclave 120 oC for 5 min, oven 90 oC for 20 min and room temperature for 3 hours had no significant differences ( p > 0.05) in extraction efficiency of Met and MHA in free forms (as shown in Table 2). But extraction in room temperature significantly had lo wer recovery in metal-chelate form of Met and MHA. Therefore, for simultaneous extraction of Met and MHA in free or metal-chelate forms, the 90 oC for 20 min was chosen. pH can play a unique role on metal–chelate formation or releasing of metal from metal-chelates [19]. Experiments have shown DL- methionine extraction recoveries obtained with hydrochloric acid and with distilled water at ambient temperature are not statistically different [20]. Therefore the extraction of Met and MHA in free forms could be done with distilled water at 90 oC for 20 min. The application of this procedure to be unsuitable for extraction of Met and MHA contained in metallic chelates. As shown in Table 1, the extraction recovery of Met and MHA in metal-chelate forms with distilled water is significantly lower (p EDTA is a stronger ligand than MHA therefore it can form more stable complex with metals and it must affect on recovery of MHA. Therefore by adding EDTA solution to the samples the recovery of MHA (> 97%) from MHA metal-chelates were significantly higher, but this has no significant effect on Met extraction recovery. Conclusion A simple, rapid and reliable method for simultaneous extraction and determination of Met and MHA in forms of free or in forms of metal-chelates in feed samples has been developed. This method can be used for analysis of free methionine or methionine hydroxy analogue as well as their metal-chelate form, from industrial feed samples without any variation. It involves a simple procedure sample preparation using 0.1 N HCl solutions and heating in autoclave or oven, which followed by addition of EDTA and acetonitrile, and quantitation by an isocratic HPLC analysis on a C18 column. References: [1] M. Korhonen, A.Vanhatalo, P. Huhtanen, J.Driry.Sci., 85 (2002) 1533. [2] D.Hoehler, M. Rademacher, R. Mosenthin, Advances in pork production, 16 (2005) 109. [4] T. L. Stanton, D. Schutz, C. Swenson, Prof. Anim. Sci. 7 (2001) 101. [3] H.D. Ashmead, S.D. Ashmead, R.A. Samford, Intern.J.Appl.Res.Vet.Med.,2 (2004) 252. [5] C. E. Nockels, J. DeBonis, J. Torrent, J. Anim. Sci., 71 (1993 )2539. [6] H. T. Ballantine, , M. T. Socha, D. J. Tomlinson, A. B. Johnson, A. S. Fielding, J. K. Shearer, S. R.Amstel, Prof. Anim. Sci., 18 (2002) 211. [7Ú† [7] B.L. Creech, J.W.Spears, W.L. Flowers, G.M. Hill, K.E. Lioyd, T.A. Armestrong, T.E. Engle, J.Anim.Sci., 82 (2004) 2140. [8] S. Ferruzza., G. Leonardi., E.Cinti., M.Tegoni., J. Inorg. Biochem., 95 (2003) 221. [9] W. Baeyens, J. Bruggeman, C. Dewaele, B. Lin, K. Imai., 5 (2005) 13. [10] C. Aoyama , T. Santa *, M. Tsunoda , T. Fukushima, C. Kitada , Ka. Imai., Bio.Med.Chromatogr., 18 ( ) 630. [11] A.P. Solomonova, J.S. Kamentsev, N.V. Komarova, J. Chromatogr. B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 800 (2004) 135. [12] A. Baudicheau ,J. Sci. Food Agric., 38 (1987) 1. [13] D. Wauters., J. De mol, L. Temmerman., J. Chromatogr. A,516 (1990) 375. [14] D. Balschukat, E. Kress, E. Tanner., Landwirtsch. Forsch., 41 (1988) 120. [15] S. Maytyka, J. Rubaj, W. Korol, G. Bielecka, 9 (2006) 1. [16] G. L. Long, J.D. Winefordner, Anal. Chem. 55, (1983) 713A-724A. [17] R.C. Weast (Editor), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 69th ed. (1988). [18] Merk Index, Merck, Rahway, NJ, 10th ed. (1983). [19] T.E. Brown, L.K. Zeringue, J. Dairy Sci. 77, (1994)181–187. [20] L. Yang, R.E. Sturgeon, S. McSheehy, Z. Mester, J. Chromatogr. A 1055, (2004) 177-184.

Humanities in the Early, High And Late Middle Ages Essay example -- es

Abstract Learning Team A will use several research methods including text, internet and other methods to explore the humanities and the effects and developments that the humanities of the Early, High and Late Middle ages had on society. We have made some very interesting findings and come up with some intriguing conclusions. The findings are most definitely in condensed form for the simplicity of our assignment, although if given an unbridled word count, surely we would demonstrate volumes of text form such interesting periods. The Early Middle Ages Before we can talk about humanities, we must first define the word â€Å"Humanities†. Humanities are the investigation of human beings and their culture and their self-expression. We are going to discuss how humanities reflect changing concepts of nature and human beings in different historical periods. Human beings in today’s society are not aware of the history of people. In just about every area that we participate in on a daily basis, the humanities of our ancestors contributed to that area. The reason we study the different parts of the humanities is to get a better understanding of where human beings have been and where we need to go. The more we study the further we can go and improve the future based off the past. Christianity greatly influenced the Early Middle Ages. This epoch existed between 500-1000 C.E. There was little stability during this time. Western Europe was under attack from Germanic tribes and Eastern Europe was battling against the Arabs. Fiero (2002) states, â€Å"the Germanic tribal people and practices blended with those of classical Rome and Western Christianity to forge the basic economic, social and cultural patterns of medieval life† (p.69). According to the website German Culture, in the Merovingian Dynasty (482-751 C.E.) under the rule of Clovis, â€Å"the Franks reluctantly began to adopt Christianity following the baptism of Clovis, an event that inaugurated the alliance between the Frankish kingdom and the Roman Catholic Church† (Medieval Germany -, n.d.). Christianity would reach an all time high during the reign of Charlemagne. After being crowned emperor of the Romans in 800 by Pope Leo III, Charlemagne brought education and enlightenment to his peo ple (Fiero, 2002, p.74-75). The Metropolitan Museum of Art website outlines Charlemagne’s accomplishments He founds schools, ... ...great history of the world and all the events that took place. References Central Europe (including Germany), 500-1000 A.D. (2000-2005). Retrieved July 30, 2005, from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Web site: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/06/euwc/ht06euwc.htm Duffy, S.L. (n.d.), Europe 1000-1300: the high middle ages. Retrieved July 27, 2005, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.loyno.edu/~seduffy/highmiddleOT.html Fiero, G. K. (2002). The Humanistic Tradition (Fourth ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Lindisfarne Gospels. (n.d.). Retrieved July 28, 2005, from British Library: Online Gallery European Manuscripts Web site: http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/themes/euromanuscripts/linisfarne.html Medieval Germany - The Merovingian Dynasty, ca. 500-751. (n.d.). Retrieved July 27, 2005, from German Culture Web site: http://www.germanculture.com.ua/library/history/bl_medieval.htm Snell, M. (n.d.). The Book of Kells: Splendid Medieval Manuscript. Retrieved July 28, 2005, from http://historymedren.about.com/od/bookofkell1/p/book_of_kells.htm The Brainy Dictionary (2005). Definition of Schism. Retrieved July 27, 2005 from http://www.brainydictionary.com/words/sc/schism216161.html

Whi Is Ihrm Such an Important Issue for Mne’s ?

Why is IHRM such an important issue for MNE’s? International Human Resources Management is the process of procuring, allocating, and effectively utilizing human resources in a multinational corporation. It is born thanks to globalization and to the growth of multinational enterprises all around the world. Globalization and the effective use of international human resources are two major issues facing firms in today’s global economy. As more and more firms operate internationally, there is a clear need to understand how to manage human resources that are located outside the domestic environment.A HRM system cannot be an efficient approach for a multinational enterprise (MNE) to optimize their employees’ performances because compared to IHRM: it has less HR activities, a smaller perspective, less involvement in employees’ personal lives, and difficulties to adapt to the workforce mix (expatriates and locals). Indeed, an MNE has to deal with different types o f employees: * Host-country Nationals (HCNs): locals of a country a MNE operates in a subsidiary. * Parent-country Nationals (PCNs): expatriates from the country where the MNE has its headquarters. Third country Nationals (TCNs): employees from countries other than the host or home country. These are also expatriates. The correlation between HCNs and PCNs in an MNE is crucial because they both have different points of view about the activity. HCNs are useful thanks to their knowledge of foreign market, language and needs and they know human resources policies for local employees, whereas PCNs have the ability to maintain control (for example with a newly established subsidiary), to adapt an ethnocentric attitude and to process an expatriation management (staffing, training, compensation).An IHRM system is a product of distinct activities, functions and processes that are directed at attracting, developing and maintaining the human resources of a MNE. Indeed, IHRM seeks to assist org anizations to make the most effective use of their human resources in the international context. Schuler said: â€Å"IHRM for many firms is likely to be critical to their success, and effective IHRM can make the difference between survival and extinction for many MNEs†. This quote means that an MNE has different choices for its IHRM approach.The four generic IHRM orientations of MNEs: ethnocentric, polycentric, geocentric, and regiocentric, introduced by Perlmutter (1969) and Perlmutter and Heenan (1979), are widely recognized. * In an ethnocentric approach, the MNE exports the home HRM system abroad. Strategic decisions are made at the headquarters and subsidiaries are managed by expatriates. Like Porter said: â€Å"In a global industry, a firm must integrate its activities like HRM on a worldwide basis to capture the linkages among countries†. * An MNE with a polycentric approach adapts to the local HRM system that the local companies use.Foreign subsidiaries have a large autonomy and HCNs fill the senior positions. HCNs are more likely to be promoted to positions at headquarters. * In a geocentric approach, the MNE takes a worldwide approach to its operations: employees can be promoted to senior positions in both headquarters and subsidiaries according to their capabilities, regardless of nationality and location. * The regiocentric approach is similarly to the geocentric approach, but senior managers enjoy regional rather than global autonomy in decision-making.Each of these four approaches has certain advantages and disadvantages. The choice of approaches to IHRM depends on the interaction of home-country factors, host-country factors and firm characteristics. The firm has to adapt its HRM activities to each host country’s specific requirements. It is also linked to cultural environment, like Hofstede said: â€Å"Culture awareness from senior and middle management is essential†. The location of the country is one aspect of the context in which MNEs operate.The home-country factors include home HRM systems and domestic political, legal, economic and sociocultural factors. These factors impact on IHRM through their influence on a firm’s characteristics. Organizations in one country might thus share many similarities while being essentially different from those headquartered in other countries. According to Ferner (1997), even the most global companies remain deeply rooted in the national business systems of their country of origin. Without any internal or external influence, an MNE would export all of its own home HRM system to subsidiaries.IHRM is definitely an essential issue for MNEs because it depends on it to avoid barriers of distance, language, time and culture between employees, which often make it very difficult for managers to resolve conflicts. Nowadays, we can still wonder if it is possible to develop a generic IHRM model that could be widely applicable. â€Å"IHRM is of fundamental impo rtance in realizing an efficient and effective multinational organization because it enables the firm to deal with control and cross-cultural issues that are both internal and external to the firm† (Adler and Ghadar 1990).

How to Write an Opinion Essay

How to Write an Opinion Essay How to Write an Opinion Essay How to write an opinion essay? In simple terms, an opinion essay is a text, which reflects your personal opinion on any topic: interests, books, authors, places, etc. The essay should argue our personal opinion about something, through which others have already said, for example. Know your subject In the beginning is the issue, because every opinion is always an opinion on something. The world is full of issues because it is full of questions, but not all issues are equal. Sometimes we are interested in the world as it is, sometimes we are interested in the world values and debate issues, and finally, sometimes we want to influence the world and issues debated decision. So, yes, opinions differ: in front of a fact, opinion is to explain, face a problem valuing the view, and at a crossroads the review is to select the best course of action. So, first of all we must know the nature of the subject. Writing an opinion essay – 6 important tips It is very common in schools that teachers assign an essay on a specific topic; the following steps will help you write a good opinion essay: 1. Choice of topic for an opinion essay You must begin with something that you really like; for example, your favorite music. 2. What is the opinion that you give about your topic? At this point one must wonder, for example, whether your favorite music is pop; what uses these genre elements to be characterized as such? 3. Read other sources that talk about your topic For this you collect other opinions and compare your view with them, always arguing with our knowledge and experience. 4. Start writing your opinion essay This point is very important because sometimes we are afraid to face the blank page. You write what you think, all about your feelings, experiences, examples to argue and specialized information that we have already read in some sources. 5. It is important that you quote your sources when writing If someone said, for example, the definition of pop, from it you can state who said it. Since there you can continue doing the trial. 6. You should note that an opinion essay is a type of free text Once you’ve rehearsed the themes and forms, to begin with, you can be guided by the simple formula: introduction, development and conclusion. In the introduction you put the leaders of your subject, in developing your views on the subject and, in the end, the final details after you have carefully analyzed the theme. When writing an opinion essay, it is important to first think about something you really like, from what you know. But if it is a school assignment and you do not know much about the subject, it is important to read. One important type is the literary essay, where you can mix all possible ways. Try it out, a specific theme never runs out completely. You can finish one, but then you can change your opinion. So, you can write another essay on the same but different. The important thing is to try, defend and argue that you feel and think.

Internet Outline essays

Internet Outline essays A. Prehistoric people had trouble communicating 3. Scribbling difficult messages on cave walls. B. Time passed, people organized into communities 1. Patterns of social behavior developed. C. With up-coming civilizations came the urge to become connected to the larger social whole D. People have been creating tools for the development and construction which enable and connect humans E. In the 1800s Samuel Morse invented the telegraph. This is when people started to want to be wired F. From ARPANET to Internet2, we have the tools and capacity to reshape thought, search for renewed meaning, and ensure prosperity. Promote human rights, invest in global economic development relieve the scourge of disease renew our love of art and learning. G. We will see how the Internet has become a ubiquitous (Being everywhere) force in daily life. II. Shaping the Internet age (Bill Gates, chairman, Microsoft corps.) A. Less than 25 years ago, the Internet was an obscure network of large computers used by a small community of researchers. B. The majority of them were found in corporate information technology (IT) departments or research laboratories. C. Now, The Internet is the center of attention for business, governments, and individuals around the world. We are only at the dawn of the Internet age. D. The Internet will have an effect on the way we work, live, and learn. E. The Internet will bring instant and flawless communication and commerce everywhere. To any device imaginable F. The Internet will be a key economic and cultural force in the 21st century. G. First, the Internet was an academic community concept; it is now unique, independent information exchange point. Without a centralized management. And upon common standards. H. From TCP/IP (a technological protocol that is a traffic cop for n ...

Working thesis statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Working thesis statement - Essay Example In my earlier papers; one on Definition Essay which discussed fashion's negative impact on societies throughout history, and The Midterm Essay, wherein I discussed how the health and beauty industries have all along encouraged us to think of our bodies in terms of machines, I had maintained that health could not be compromised for the sake of appearance. To prove this, I quoted the names of Luisel Ramos and Ana Carolina Reston, who, seeking stardom and money, paid the supreme prize for their body abuse. Sad, but true, this is the life of models, who walk the ramps to the appeasement of a handful. In order to substantiate my argument that the two industries (Health and Beauty) in discussion have all along been more inclined to improve their personal interests, this research will take a look at what happens behind the scene. Fashion and beauty are but short-lived, life is not. Being identical to a Jane Fonda or an Arnold Schwarzenegger does not guarantee stardom or success. Every indiv idual on his or her own terms is as attractive as any other. It's all in the mind. Models have for long caught our attention as being pretty and sexy. The notion that men prefer women with a model's body is all wrong. Does this mean that women who are healthy are less attractive or pretty Definitely not! In fact, men prefer women with more flesh.

Apple and Google Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Apple and Google - Article Example It will offer greater value to its services. The main objective of the company is to retain the customers within its ecology as its iPhone. The new Apple maps service will offer the customers with 3D images of cities and towns, known as ‘Flyovers’. It will also offer the customers with traffic updates as well as turn-by-turn navigation. The article also states that the best marketing concept that Apple uses is offering the customers with an experience which is different from that of others. It has been evident that the intended amalgamation of the feature of mobile maps app with iPhone can render Apple substantial profitability as according to a research conducted it is observed that people who use iPhone spent 35% greater amount of time on using maps than other phone users. Therefore, this marketing concept can provide Apple a major scope of market growth prospect. Apple can also get hold of the useful consumer data which was earlier received by Google. Apple can also e arn greater revenue from opportunities such as sponsored links. These factors can affect on long-term profitability of Apple by a considerable extent. The article demonstrates the fact that in this instance of launching maps application the company is product focused rather than customer focused which is closely associated to the concept of marketing myopia. Apple has also solely intended to render consumers’ such an application which can be quite value adding, thus though the concept relates to marketing myopia however not entirely. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Apple mobile maps will be provided as an application with iPhone itself. The purchasers of iPhone are generally high income group people who have the capability to purchase the product. The product can be used by the youth and the middle aged to old aged people. It can be used by both the male as well as the female. The high-end consumers of iPhone generally also desire use their phones to operate navigatio n facilities for their business or social networking purposes. This can enable the mobile apps to generate user activity with regard to the provided service. The product can be targeted generally to the businessmen who want to make their businesses available or traceable to the local as well as international customers. Through Apple mobile maps, customers will be easily capable of determining the exact locations of the stores that they will be looking for. The app is likely to target the app stores. The company, Apple can position its product as adding a new feature to its iPhone in order to attract a significant portion of the customers. This would help Apple to uphold competitive advantage and assist in maintaining sustainability. One of the unique features which will be inculcated in the Apple mobile maps is ‘Siri’, which is a voice-activated search tool. The company can as well position its product of mobile maps in terms of value addition with the popular product i .e. iPhone. As the application would be in-built within the iPhone, the positioning of it would not be a major concern for Apple. However, Apple needs to ensure superior quality of the maps service to draw the consumers in the long run to use the facility. Apple will entrust on outside parties for maps related information at first, the way its