Friday, January 24, 2020
Story Of Anne Moody :: essays research papers
In America, the fortie s and fifties was a time of racism and racial segregation. The Declaration of Independence states â€Å"all men are created equal†and America is viewed as the land of equal opportunity. However, blacks soon found the lack of truth in these statements; and with the Montgomery bus boycott marking the beginning of retaliation, the civil rights movement will grow during the mid – sixties. In the autobiography, Coming of Age in Mississippi, Anne Moody describes the environment, the thoughts, and the actions that formed her life while growing up in the segregated southern state of Mississippi. As a young child, Moody accepted society as the way it was and did not see a difference in the skin color of a white person as opposed to that of a black. It was not until a movie incident did she begin to realize that the color of her skin made her inferior. â€Å"Their whiteness provided them with a pass to downstairs in that nice section and my blackness sent me to the balcony. Now that I was thinking about it, their schools, homes, and streets were better than mine.†Soon after Moody entered high school, Emmett Till, a fourteen-year-old boy from Chicago, was killed for whistling at a white woman. â€Å"Emmett Till’s murder had proved it was a crime, punishable by death, for a Negro man to even whistle at a white woman in Mississippi.†Although her mother refused to give an explanation of the organization, Moody learned about the NAACP from one of her teachers soon after the incident. It was at age fifteen that Moody really began to hate people. Not only did she hate the whites that committed the murders, but she also hated the blacks for allowing the horrid actions to occur. When there were rumors about black men having sexual relationships with white women, Negro men became afraid even to walk the streets. One of Moody’s high school classmates, Jerry, was beaten after being accused of making telephone calls to a white operator with threats of molesting her. Even more tragic was the Taplin fire. A whole family was burned in the Taplin family home and although the police tried to blame it on a kerosene lamp, the blacks knew it was purposely started with gasoline. To get away from all the horrifying things going on in her town, Moody leaves to stay with family members in Baton Rouge.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
AIDS essay †Advanced technologies in research, diagnosis and treatment of AIDS and in oncology Essay
           This paper seeks to investigate the research undertaken in third world and developing countries. The extent to which the research goes, how it is regulated, what are the measures that protect the country population from being exploited. What are the regulations of research in Malta?            One regulation is that any research involving biomedical things must be submitted to a medical research ethics committee. Any research that touches on human beings must be taken to University research ethics committee. Any researchers whose research involves animals must submit a proposal of the intended research to an ethics committee. It is the only exemption since the other researchers do not require proposal approvals.            That a patient in a hospital has to agree and allow any form of research medicine to be given to her. Anyone who cannot expressly decline or allow research to be conducted on her should not be subject. In most instances, an individual can only be subjected to the trial if they are 16 years and above. However, some cases need a person to be above 18 or even above 21.            No company can be given patent rights to a cloned human subject, neither the process of altering germ line genetic of a human body nor the use of the human embryo for industrial use. Also, a patent can it be given with regard to the human body in any stage of its formation and development. This is to prevent companies making profits from these researches. There are no agreed sources of embryos except those that are miscarried naturally.            The Maltalese parliament has also introduced regulations to guide the conduct by which researches are conducted. These regulations are; That the person controlling the information, of the concerned persons involved in the research, shall protect it from being misplaced, destroyed by negligence or from being accessed by an authorized persons. That the person processing the subject, must adhere to the Act of parliament outline the preservation of the said subject’s privacy. That the information about the person who gives, consent must be kept confidential and only accessible by the authorized people,.            That any person can elect to discontinue the program if he or she raises strong ground for his decision. That the information can only be processed if the subject has given express consent or has made the data public. The controller must provide the subject whose data they are processing with the identity of the company, their place of work, the reason as to why the data is being processed, right to rectify, delete the data concerning him.            That information involving members of Professional Secrecy Act cannot be disclosed under any circumstances except by the issuance of a court order. Also, the regulations state that the processing of the data must be done properly and according to the law; personal data must be compatible with why it was processed, it must be specific and of the legitimate purpose. The only way the data obtained can only be made available is in case of prosecution or to officers of statistics within and while on duty under the Malta statistical Authority. It’s the only way this information can be related with unidentifiable person.            Are there any rules of fair research; There are few rules of fair research. The country gives favorable conditions to any firm that wishes to carry out research. It gives them a better environment in which they are able to get results to advance science.            The meaning of Naples not allowing drug tests on its citizen until they are in the second face is to minimize risks. There are a lot of risks involving first phase trails. Some of the drugs have temporally side effects while others have adverse side effects that last. Some of these side results might not show until after the studies have been completed.            Naples requires that research be conducted from phase two. This is because most anomalies are detected and dealt with in phase 1. The drug is closer to perfection, and there are not many side effects. Since phase two is designed to gauge how well the drug operates. Phase one involves getting the right dosage to be ingested, the trials subjects are observed around the clock. This phase is the one that has just graduated from animal testing. Subjects are put under much changed environment; they are given small dosage of the compounds that killed animals.            The Nepalese government seeks to protect its citizen from being exposed to those conditions that subject in phase 1 go through. Phase two gives a safer picture, and since it has been tested on people and worked, they would feel safer to allow the second phase where they can control the proceedings. Although this provision by the government inhibits the rules of fair research. This is because people react differently to medicine and given that people in Naples are somehow different from other people; it would be wise to allow.            I used the website to research on Malta. Its constitution, legislation, and the regulations put in place. I found the regulations posted on the website eu.europa.eu posted by Dr. Pierre Mallia, who is the writer of the said article.            The five most important points of the regulations are; That the government, must endeavor to protect its citizen from exploitation from the researchers. This is done by introducing regulations that are geared toward safeguarding the potential subject’s well being. The administration has gone to an immense length to protect the privacy of the potential subjects. The data processors are warned against breaking this law since they would face charges. The only way that the information should be revealed is through a court order. Also, the government goes a step further to protect the patients in the hospital. If a patient is in the hospital but is in a state where he or she cannot give an express consent, then the researcher cannot conduct any form of research on the person. The government has also taken actions to avoid the researchers from taking advantage of the findings and patenting them to gain profits. Also the fact that embryos cannot be commercialized is a strong regulation The government also refuses to let a researcher claim be the owner of a cloned subject speaks volumes about their commitment to the advancement of humanity. Also, it prohibits any recruitment of children to the trial program since they are not old enough to make sound judgment, and this prevents the researchers from taking advantage of their curiosity and naivety.            These regulations are identified as the ones that stand out.            Summary of Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries: From ‘Reasonable availability’ to ‘Fair Benefits,†‘ Hastings Center Report 4, no. 3 (2004): 17-27.            The excerpt talks about how the research being conducted in the developing countries has gathered controversy. They seem to advocate reasonable availability which would prevent the native population from being taken advantage of by the researchers. That the medicine being tested should be made available to the country where it is being tested in after it has been perfected.            The excerpt also question who should enforce the reasonable availability treaty. Should it be the government of the host country, should it be the sponsors of the research? It also asks what it means by saying reasonable availability. Whether the drugs should be free, discounted or sold them at the given selling price.            It argues that the target population may not have the political power, financial power to accesses health services hence it is important to have the rule enforced. This would prevent exploitation. It defines exploitation as how much but not what the party is owed. This stresses equality and fairness in how the sponsors share the benefits.            The excerpt stresses on the sponsors and government entering into a contractual agreement and deciding on what will be shared, how it will be and the benefits to be awarded to the host country. It gives a scenario of Thailand and a manufacturer of hepatitis vaccine A and B. The excerpts give a great outline on the guidelines that should be followed when sponsors and host country enter into negotiation. It gives a good definition of what Reasonable availability is.            Comparisons of question D and E with findings In chapter 1,2 and 3 of Ethical challenges in study design and informed consent for health research in resource-poor settings . There are similarities since both articles calls for the researchers to take care of their subjects. In this excerpt, it is the sponsors that are discussing reasonable availability while, in Regulation of Malta, it is the government stressing on it. There is an independent oversight committee that regulates the way the research is conducted in the same way as the government They both comment on the needed consent of the subject.            A good practice is where the community in the country that the trials take place should be afforded fair benefits. Where all the ratified treaties are observed by the sponsors. Where the population is protected by and from the sponsors. This awards them a good health care.            Which has strong regulations that recognizes fair research and observes the international treaties? References Davis, J. R. (1999). Assuring data quality and validity in clinical trials for regulatory decision making workshop report : Roundtable on Research and Development of Drugs, Biologics, and Medical Devices. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Evans, C. H. (2001). Small clinical trials issues and challenges. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Fisher, J. A. (2009). Medical research for hire the political economy of pharmaceutical clinical trials. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. Giraldo, G. (1994). Advanced technologies in research, diagnosis and treatment of AIDS and in oncology: international workshop, Naples, October 21-22, 1993. Basel: Karger. Homepage. (n.d.). – European Commission. Retrieved May 7, 2014, from http://ec.europa.eu/ Setouhy, M., Agbenyega, T., Mfutso-Bengu, J., Molyneux, M., Taylor, T., Diarra, D., et al. (n.d.). jstor. JSTOR. Retrieved May 8, 2014, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3528416 Source document
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Frederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis - 1793 Words
In his memoir, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Frederick Douglass argues for the abolition of slavery by reminiscing on his life as a slave. He draws attention to the cruelties he and other slaves endure and compares it to the white masters’ humanity. To do so, Douglass also uses the irony of relationships and family in white masters but lack of recognition of such in the slaves. Furthermore, Douglass uses the irony of the use of religion in order to excuse slavery and the many cruelties. Douglass begins with his childhood and the fact that he does not know his age in order to establish the lack of identity among slaves. He states, â€Å"I do not remember to have ever met a slave who could tell of his†¦show more content†¦Frequently, before the child has reached its twelfth months its mother is taken from it, and hired out on some farm a considerable distance off, and the child is placed under the care of an old woman, too old for fie ld labor†While the bond of a mother and child is essential in basic relationships and child development, slave children are inhibited from this bond and lack the development and relationship that white children and mothers are able to have. Douglass is not even deemed a son to his father and is taken from his mother shortly after his birth. Frederick Douglass stresses the lack of humanity of these slave owners by analyzing the way relationships between children and parents are diminished. Douglass attempts to comprehend what effect mother-child separation has done and concludes â€Å"†¦ I do not know, unless it be to hinder the development of the child’s affection toward its mother, and to blunt and destroy the natural affection of the mother for the child. (p.237)†. Despite this, Douglass’s mother would walk 12 miles to lie next to him and leave before he woke up (p. 237). She dies when Douglass is seven years old and he â€Å"received the tidings of her death with much the same emotions I should have probably felt at the death of a stranger. (p.237)†. Douglass further compares this detachment to that of his father and other slave owner who have slave children. He states â€Å"†¦ slaveholders have ordained, and by law established thatShow MoreRelatedFrederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis930 Words  | 4 Pagesknown slave author and orator, Frederick Douglass, in his narrative, â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave†alters the way people view slavery. Douglass’s purpose is to convince the audience that slavery should be abolished. He creates a haunting tone in order to persuade the readers that slavery is wrong. He uses many real life accounts of horrifying instances of beatings, murders and torture to prove that slavery is unjust. Douglass illustrates many emotions in hisRead MoreFrederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis905 Words  | 4 PagesNoted abolitionist Frederick Douglass, in his self titled slave narrative addresses the indescribable sadness that the slaves were experiencing, which they portrayed through song. He intensely describes the emotions that he hears within the songs of the slaves. In the passage Douglass shows how the slaves believe that they feel, versus how they really feel, and he does this this by changing the tone throughout the passage. He uses these tones to make the reader fully feel the helplessness that theRead MoreFrederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis885 Words  | 4 Pages In the â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†it shows all 3 rhetorical appeals (Ethos, Pathos, Logos) which are found in all forms of writing, speeches, movies, television shows, and life within itself. Frederick Douglass used all three of these rhetoric in the narrative to tell about both his life as an American slave and his cause over ten decades ago. He uses these devices to identify himself to the readers, to bring emotion out of the readers, and to persuade the readers. Read MoreFrederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis968 Words  | 4 Pagesorganized conspiracy to oppress, rob, and degrade them, neither persons nor property will be safe†- Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass is a remarkable figure when it comes to describe and expose the outcome of the oppression in the black race since memorable times seen and experienced through the centuries expressed in slavery, racism and mistreat. In â€Å"The Meaning of Fourth of July for the Negro†, Douglass states the values of not only a race but a human being in his speech, by allowing himself to representRead MoreFrederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis853 Words  | 4 Pagesof the ever-present mistreatment, corruption in positions of authority, and the dehumanization of minorities. The poor treatment of women and people of color is a main reason why these past issues are still present in the United States today. In Frederick Douglass’s speech given on July 5, 1852, he expresses his opinions of America’s Independence Day and how colored people have suffered only to remain captive and abused, not sharing in this independence with the rest of the country. He displays logosRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass866 Words  | 4 PagesFrederick Douglass was an abolitionist, a human rights activist, and a former slave with a lot to say. July 4, 1852, a man was asked to speak at a Declaration signing commemoration event. This man, an African- American former slave steps up on stage and delivers a speech of the century, informing the white crowd of the slaves perspective on the celebration of freedom. In the speech, Douglass claims that the Fourth of July is a day of mourning for current and former slaves instead of the celebrationRead More Rhetorical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass Speech838 Words  | 4 PagesFrederick Douglass was a freed slave in the 1800’s who was famous for his ability to read and write, uncommon of a black man at the time. On July 4th, 1852, he gave a speech to citizens of the United States. In this speech, he called out the â€Å"hypocrisy of the nation†(Douglass), questioning the nations treatment of slaves on a supposed day of independence. Frederick Douglass effectively uses rhetorical strategies to construct his argument and expose the hypocrisy of the nation. One of the rhetoricalRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass Use Of Diction990 Words  | 4 PagesFrederick Douglass’ use of Diction Frederick Douglass was a great author who used a variety of literary devices to contribute to his overall writing. One of his main literary elements that he uses is diction. What is diction? According to Merriam Webster’s dictionary diction is the way in which words are used in speech or writing. Douglass’ use of diction helps emphasize key point about slavery that writes about. Also, diction helps to convey the message that Douglass is writing about. DouglassRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis1050 Words  | 5 Pagesand hardship. But some, like the slave and later abolitionist Frederick Douglass, rose up from the tribulations of slavery and led the way for progress and change in America. In his autobiography â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†, Douglass tells his inspiring yet harrowing story of his life as a slave in Maryland and his escape to freedom in New York and later Massachusetts, where he eventuall y became an abolitionist. Douglass masterfully uses ethos, pathos, and logos to craft his powerfulRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass s Romeo And Juliet 1386 Words  | 6 PagesPathos et Logos Frederick Douglass uses both pathos and logos in his Narrative to push his argument against slavery by appealing to the audience’s idea of virtue and stating the harsh facts of the abuse. Douglass knows his audience well, and uses their intense feelings on Christianity to bolster his argument. His ethos is set up on the first page, as he is one that was directly abused through the process of slavery. Douglass uses the rest of the book to instill in the reader through his expert use
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